ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (E-MRT) with emphasis on diagnosis and differential diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathologic data of 8 E-MRT cases were reviewed. The outcome was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were four males and four females. The age at presentation ranged from 3 days to 8 years (mean, 2.6 years; median, 3 years). The tumors were located in the extremities (n = 1), head and neck (n = 2), trunk (n = 2), cervical cord (n = 1), liver (n = 1) and retroperitoneum (n = 1). Histologically, the tumors were composed of a diffuse proliferation of rounded or polygonal cells with eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and glassy eosinophilic cytoplasm containing hyaline-like inclusion bodies, arranged in sheets and nests. Cellular atypia was easily observed and mitotic activity was high. Necrotic and hemorrhagic areas were abundant. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells expressed vimentin and epithelial marker such as EMA, AE1/AE3, and CAM5.2. The absence of INI1 protein expression was a distinctive feature. Follow-up of all eight cases revealed five deaths in one year and the other three were disease-free at last follow-up of one month, three months and seven months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>E-MRT is a rare and highly aggressive tumor of infancy and childhood. Recurrence and distant metastasis was common and the 5-year survival rate is low. Increased awareness of the clinocopathologic features and immunophenotypes of E-MRT is helpful for correct diagnosis and effective treatment.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Diagnosis, Differential , Extremities , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Rhabdoid Tumor , Metabolism , Pathology , Treatment Outcome , Vimentin , MetabolismABSTRACT
[Objective]The purpose of the review was to summarize the research progress on traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat scar and its mechanism in recent 10 years. [Methods]Retrieving the literature of the past 10 years on Chinese medicine to prevent scar , it is to summarize scar mecha-nism of prevention and cure both in vivo and in vitro experiments. [Result]Main mechanism of preventing and treating scar by traditional Chinese medicine is through studying fibroblasts and col agen. The specific mechanism is that Chinese medicine can inhibit the growth of scar fibroblasts in a con-centration-time-dependent manner, so as to reduce the scar tissue and control of infection and other complications; Additionly, by adjusting the levels of col agenⅠ,Ⅲ, Chinese medicine can regulate synthesis of col agen, reduce scar, and improve the quality of wound repair. [Conclusion]Traditional Chinese medicine has certain advantages in preventing and treating scar, but needs to further standardize methodology to broaden ideas. So Chinese medicine has a promising furure on anti-scar in the clinic.
ABSTRACT
To determine the bufalin concentration in rats' plasma by establishing a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method, and to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bufalin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (bufalin-BSA-NP) and bufalin.